DBS Demystifying the Mind
- Shrika Lakshmi Vulligaddala
- Jun 21, 2024
- 2 min read
By: Shrika Lakshmi Vulligaddala
What is DBS ?
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a treatment that uses implanted electrodes to deliver electrical signals to certain parts of the brain. The electrodes produce electrical impulses that affect brain activity to treat certain medical conditions. The electrical impulses also can affect cells and chemicals within the brain that cause medical conditions.
It's used to treat some neurological conditions that cause movement problems.
How does it work ?
DBS is a surgical procedure that delivers high-frequency electrical stimulation to precise areas of the brain. This is done by implanting a thin wire with electrodes at the tip. The electrodes are precisely placed into a brain site that carries the abnormal signals producing the symptoms. High frequency stimulation will alter these abnormal signals, thereby leading to symptom improvement. The location of electrode placement varies based on the illness being treated.
The amount of stimulation in deep brain stimulation is controlled by a pacemaker-like device placed under the skin in the upper chest. A wire that travels under the skin connects this device to the electrodes in the brain.
Components :
Electrodes: Tiny wires with electrodes at the tips are implanted in specific areas of the brain involved in movement control. These electrodes are like conductors that can deliver electrical signals.
Pulse Generator: A small implanted device, similar to a pacemaker, is placed under the collarbone or near the abdomen. This generator sends electrical pulses to the electrodes in the brain.
Leads: These are insulated wires that connect the electrodes implanted in the brain to the pulse generator.
Process:
Implantation: During surgery, a team of healthcare professionals carefully places the electrodes in targeted areas of the brain. Sophisticated imaging techniques help guide electrode placement.
Stimulation: The pulse generator sends mild electrical pulses to the brain tissue through the electrodes. These pulses can help regulate abnormal activity that contributes to movement problems.
Programming: The settings of the pulse generator, such as the frequency and intensity of the pulses, can be adjusted by a doctor during outpatient visits. This helps fine-tune the stimulation for optimal results.
How does it help the Doctors ?
By stimulating specific areas of the brain and observing the effects, DBS helps doctors map out the brain's functions and how different regions work together.
The knowledge gained from DBS research helps improve treatments for various neurological conditions.
By observing how DBS affects a patient's symptoms, doctors can learn more about how those brain regions influence the body.
Benefits:
DBS can significantly improve a patient's quality of life by reducing symptoms like tremors and stiffness.
This can allow for greater independence in daily activities.
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